Sighting device.



0. MACKENSEN. SIGHTING DEVICE. I APPLICATION'FILED JULY 23. 1914- P ented Nov. 915.

2 SHEETS-SH Q 1 0.,MAC'KENSEN. 1 SIGHTING DEVICE.

' APPLICATION FILED JULY 23' I914.

1,160,184. ,I Patented'Nov.16,191 5- I 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

} T0, all 'uiho'mrit mayfeoncerh: Ber'it known that ;OTTo-MAoKnnsEN,l a citizen of the. German Empire, residingpat J,ena, Germany, have invented afnew andv I ;usefulasightingDevice, of-"which the fol- 'lowingis'a specificationr fia i lhe present 'lnventlonrelates to-devlces,

which serve for training torpedo ejectors ion,

1 moving objects for ascertaining an angle of 1 vsides containing the third; angle areknown. According to the linventionc'the rulers i serving'for representing thesides of thetri Kangle are made transparent and' are frob-. 15 servedrby means-ofroneand thesame magnifying glass. w'In iconsequence of their transparencyitheyfcan be observed'by trans 7., ifmittedzli'ght and can bemoved overone ,1 v i 5 another, as desired, without the observation bf ftheirlscalesbeingobstructed. The transparentflrulersmay 'takethe; form of, vfor in- '1' stance,fgla'ss plates'orin a' special case, when they; are not graduated,=gbe'represented'by I i-threads. As -the-illuminationiof the rulers .1, I gniay be-efl'ectedfrom thatlside of the device,

I -wh1ch is remotefrom the magnifying glass,

the dimensions of the whole a comparatively small. v I

It is particularly:advantageousfto dispose .30

Igof a sighting telescope may serve asrthe 'jma'gnifyingjglass and that: the rulers are ivisible' simultaneously with: the, image v ;formedfl-by, the objective; ,If "the sighting device maybe telescope be aterres'trial one,-it will be found convenientato place the rulers m'its rear limage plane, in, order to make the setting ;easier '::for the observer, but both, image- 7 planes of; the. telescope or" its front image- .lplane;f.falone;may equally-well serve for the ulying pne: above the other cannot-lbs dis- 7 posed in one: plane, the adj acent planes must ,;;;also ;serve for; this-purpose. Inorderl that .withsuch an arrangement the observer may the; image-plane m s be pt as Qi'zed, lithe; middle zruler be made ofafilrn-f 5, 'bandl Q JItyis; an 1 advantage if the graduap'rej es may ;be made particularly simple, if

v 516m DEV IoEQ a triangle, of. which; one other angle and thev see the. scales distinctly,their distance from fpossible, which'-may, for instance, be real- ,tions,,-a's well, as far as they-oarenecessary,

' 'i-nsed as the magnifying glass," the, training m telescope in such a manner; that,'on the latter rotating,- the: same angle. a a

' In order to illustrate the method followed,

when training torpedo ejectors on movingl obj ects,

ment o'f' the training-and point C to theposi- 'tion of the, object, when'hitby the torpedo. I The two sides A (land B C' correspondl-to the path of the torpedo andtothatof the object aimed at respectively, the paths 'cov- {ered in the. unit of time (thesp'eedsland the angle A BIG are to-be assumed as'known,

j while the subject .of thefinve'ntion serves for ascertainingthejangle BF'A- G F. g 'Figs. 2 to 5 show'a' constructional example of the invention, in which the"rulers"serving for'the representation'wof the sides of the .saidrulers being coupled with the sighting same angle. [Fig-=2 is a vertical. section v through the v casing serving 'for' the recep- ,the rulers in such amannerthat the ocular,

tion of the rulers,' Fig. 3 a crossesectiontaken sighting telescope seen non; below, and

F ig."5 a vertical section through the sight-f of the deV To the bedplate;

longing to: the torpedo" ejector and-to be ;JfiXed on the same by means of agcl p v; i ing'deviceya ,a' bearing'body b isiscrewedq; I 1 On this latter asighting telescopecfis rotatablyjournaled, which vcan be fixed-"'rela:

tively to the be'dpla'te by its foot 0 byrmeans 0 of a clamping screw o .ThesightingQt ele; :scope is a terrestrial oneyits objecti'ize is} marked 0 itscollectivedens- 0?, its lens fof f reversion e" and its ,ocul'ar eix 'Ihe'rays *comingQfromlthe objectiveare deflected by;- each. of two-reflecting prisms; 0F and 5 0 k through90.4T0Ithe;bearingbodyb there is screwed: a bevel gear wheel 6 with which engageskat bevel wheel at haVingithe-same number of teeth, .which latter wheelisrotai mnn rmivr or CARI. zn Iss,. orr

t I Bat ntea-N a e1915, Ap licati nfilediul aa em. Seria1No.852,778-

theruler' will'rotate through i 7 there is shown l'nnFigure 1 atriangle C, 1n which point .A corresponds 'to'the POSltIOII Of'thB ejector," point B to theposi-- tion of the moving objectat the commence- 9 0. ing telescopecontaining the'axisofrotation afo ffthe device, which isadapted to be'mountedv on a pivot' -befoo tably journaled on the casing of the sighting telescope c. The wheel (13 carries a glass plate (2 the rear surface of which lies di-' rectly in front of the ocular focal plane and is provided with a scale graduated in units of speed, the zero-point of which scale lies in the ocular axis.

with a speed-scale 6 having graduations to the same scale as those of the, scale 0?. The zero-point of the scale 6 also lies in the ocular axis. To the carrier 6 of thegl-ass plate e, which carrier is provided with a milled edge and is rotatably journaled in the cover 7 of a casing f fixed to the sighting telescope, the mounting of the ocular c is screwed. On a plate f fitted in the casing 7 a slide 9 is horizontally guided be.- tween two guides f and is displaceable by means of a milled head g The slide carries a film 9 which lies in the ocular focal plane between the two glass plates 03* and e and'is provided with a vertical stroke 9 In order that the scale 6 may be set to correspond to the value of the angle'A B C '(see Fig. l), the glass plate 6 is provided with graduations 6 which extend 135 each way'from the point of inter-section of theproduction of .the scale 6 beyond its end point with the circular scale. The index for this scale is formed by a sighting mark h, which is traced on a glass plate 71. fitted immovably in the objective focal plane in such a manner that a radial and vertical image is formed of it in the ocular focal plane by the collective lens 0 and the lens of reversion 0*. A second graduation a", which serves for indicating the angle B A C tobe ascertained (see Fig. l), is marked-on the bed-plate a. It extends each way through a quarter of a circle, reckoning from a point on the circular scale, and its index a is disposed on that side of-the foot 0 of the sighting telescope, which faces the ocular 0 When the scale 0? is directed vertically downward and the scale e vertically upward, the angular value zero is indicated on the corresponding degree scales (1. and e. In the drawing the position of the three rulers is such that the plate al is in its zero-position, the plate a is rotated through 45 out of its zero-position in the clockwise direction and the film g is .dis placed toward the right out of the middle of the image-field. 7

When it is to be used, the device must be placed on the pivot provided on the torpedo ejector, which pivot corresponds to the point A in Fig 1, and must be fixed on this pivot by the clamping device in such a manner that that diameter of the bedplate a, which contains the zero-stroke of the degree-scale a, coincides with the longitudinal axis of the ejector, the said zero-stroke being turned Immediately behind the ocular focal plane lies the front surface in the opposite direction to the muzzle of the ejector. The sighting telescope o having then, by being rotated about its longitudinal axis, been set in such a -manner that the pointer 0 on its foot 0 indicates the value zero on the degree-scale a and having been fixed in this position on the bedjplate by means of the clamping screw (1,

of a second glass plate 6, which is provid'edfilL-it is pointed by rotating the ejector or the carrier of the same (6. 9., when the ejector is fixed to the hull of the ship, by altering the course of the ship) in a horizontal plane toward the moving object to be aimed at, so that the said object is presented to the observer as coinciding with the sighting mark h. The position of the moving object at this period corresponds in Fig. l to the point B. Thereupon by turning the milled edge of e the glass plate 6 is to be rotated out of its zero-position, in which its scale 6 is directed vertically upward and-in which the value zero is indicated on its degree-scale e by the si hting-mark k, through the angle contained etween the direction of travel B C of the object aimed at and the sighting direction A B. Let this angle A B C have been. ascertained in any suitable manner, 6. g. by being estimated. According as the ob ect aimed at moves out of the middle of the image-field through the left-hand or the right-hand half of the same, the glass plate 6 is to be rotated from out of its zeroposition in the clockwise or the counterclockwise direction, so that either one half or the other of the degree-scale 6 serves for indicating the angle. Corresponding to the chosen direction of motion from B to C in Fig. 1 the glass plate is to be rotated in the clockwise direction through the angle A B C, during which rotation the scale 6 travels from the vertical position into one corresponding to that of the side B C. Thereupon the film g" is to be displaced by means of the milled head 9 until its vertical stroke 9 cuts off on the scale 6 a valve corresponding to the speed of the object aimed at, which may again have been arrived at in any suitable manner, e. by being estimated. Thereupon the clamping screw (1 is to be released andthe sightin telescope 0 to be rotated relatively to the edplate a, such rotation being according to the direction of travel of the object (movement from the middle of the image-field to the left or the right) in the clockwise or the counterclockwise direction, hence, in Fig. 1, corresponding to the direction of travel from B to C in the clockwise direction. In consequence of the bevel wheel (1 being rotated by the bevel wheel b the glass plate d along with the scale (1 also experiences a rotation, the angular value of which is equal to, but the sense of which is opposite to that of the rotation of the sighting telescope. The rotation of the sighting telescope is only necessary to again tighten the clampfi o the point oftinterseotion of the scales d and e corresponding to the point 'C, the point continued-{until by the vertical stroke giia value is cut ofi' on the'scale d which corre sponds'to the, speed of the torpedo,the scale d? movingfrom the vertical position into one corresponding to that ,of'the side A C and thus inclosing with the sighting mark h" the required =angle B; A C, the valueof which can be readoif on the degree-scale a. The-triangle thusfformed by the three rulers is similar to the triangle A B O of Fig. 11,

of'intersection of d fwith the verticaljstroke g? to'the point A and the point of intersec tionof e -and 'g to the P011115 B. It isthen.

mg screw a and to rotate the sighting telescope'by' rotating the torpedo ejector or its pedo'should be released. Iclaim:

'carrier in a honzontal plane, until the ob .ject aimed at is seen ascoinciding with the sighting mark h. At this moment the tor ,1.' sighting deviceffor torpedo-.ej'ectors three superposed transparent rulers,

which are displaceable relatively tolonean' otherfand are adapted to form a' triangle,

three v I I L 2. In a sighting device for torpedo ejectors three superposed transparent rulers,

I means for displacing the rulers re'latively'to vone another .accordmg' to the'speed of the torpedo and to the relative 1 movement of: fi -the torpedoejector and the target, and a magnifying glass adapted for observing all:

r ers.

-other and are adapted. to form a triang image presented which are displaceable relatively toone anmeans for displacing the rulers relatively to one another accordmg to'the speed of the" torpedo and to. therelative movement ofthe, torpedo ejector and the target, ands-sight ing telescope, the ocular of which is adapted forfsimultaneously observing the three rulers and the image preSentedLby the bbj gti j e device for torpedoejed-j tors a. sighting telescope comprising alower part adapted; to be fixed on a support" and Y an 11 per part fittedto the lower PBI't'IO-f of the telescope.

,3. Ina sighting tatab y on a vertical axis, which upperpart are displaceable'. relatively toyone' another and are adapted to form a trianglegimeans fordisplacing the rulers relativel jtofone another according tothe speed of t etorpe- 50 comprises ObJQCtIVG, an ocularandfthree, superposed transparent ru1ers,'which rulers" do andto the relative movement of the torneously observin V g the said ob ective.

P K U E Q' FRITZ SAnnnn.

'pedo ejector andthe target, whichfmeans. comprise-coupHngmeans between one of, the

rulers and the lower part of "the telescope so as this ruler to be rotated ijn'the'plane o said triangleby' avrotation of the upper V p part of thetelescopethrough the same an le,

the said ocular being adapted .for, sim ta the three rulers and the 

